TKR and THR are abbreviations for Total Knee Replacement (TKR) and Total Hip Replacement (THR), which are surgical procedures that involve the replacement of a damaged or diseased knee or hip joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis). Physical therapy and rehabilitation are an important part of the recovery process, and it can take several months for individuals to fully recover and regain their mobility. With proper care and rehabilitation, many individuals are able to enjoy a significant reduction in pain and improved mobility after a TKR or THR.

This is a common complication that can occur after a bone fracture has healed. It is characterized by limited movement and a decrease in the range of motion at the affected joint. The cause of post-fracture stiffness is often due to the formation of scar tissue or adhesions around the joint, which can restrict movement and cause discomfort. The stiffness can also be due to disuse of the joint while it was healing or due to lack of physical therapy to regain range of motion. Treatment for post-fracture stiffness typically involves physical therapy, exercises, and other interventions to improve joint mobility and reduce pain.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from the gradual wear and tear of the cartilage that cushions the bones in a joint. It is most commonly seen in older adults and can cause pain, stiffness, and loss of movement in the affected joints.

heumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints and surrounding tissues. This inflammation can cause pain, swelling and joint damage.

Both OA and RA are chronic conditions that can impact daily activities and quality of life.

Postural malalignments refer to deviations in the body’s normal posture that can occur as a result of muscle imbalances, skeletal abnormalities, or other factors. These deviations can lead to chronic pain, limited mobility, and increased risk of injury. Common examples of postural malalignments include forward head posture, rounded shoulders, an anterior pelvic tilt, and a flat back.

pondylosis is a general term used to describe the degenerative changes that occur in the spine as a result of aging, wear and tear, or injury. It refers to the development of bony growths (osteophytes) along the vertebrae and other changes in the spinal anatomy. Spondylosis can lead to a variety of symptoms, including neck or back pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. In severe cases, spondylosis can also lead to nerve compression, causing radiating pain, tingling, and numbness in the arms or legs.

Sprains and strains are common injuries that occur when the muscles or ligaments are stretched or torn. A sprain is an injury to a ligament, usually caused by a sudden twisting or stretching of a joint beyond its normal range of motion. Strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon (tissue that connects muscle to bone) caused by overstretching or overuse. Strains are common in the muscles of the back, neck, and legs. 

Post-amputation management refers to the care and rehabilitation process that takes place after an individual has undergone an amputation. The goal of post-amputation management is to help the individual adjust to life with a prosthesis (artificial limb) and regain as much mobility and independence as possible. The process involves  : Pain management, Physical therapy, Fitting and training with a prosthesis, Occupational therapy etc.

Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine curves sideways in a C or S shape. This abnormal curvature of the spine can cause the body to appear uneven, with one shoulder or hip appearing higher than the other. Scoliosis can also cause pain, discomfort, and reduced mobility.With proper treatment and care, many individuals with scoliosis are able to lead active and healthy lives.